Abstract

The objectives of this research are as follows : 1) to study the concept of the speech or the theory of the speech as applied to the Thai speech, 2) to study the speech concept in Buddhism and in Thai literary works: Lilit Taleng Bai and 3) to analyze the Buddhist speech in Thai literary works :  Lilit Taleng Bai, and also to apply the knowledge in daily life.

The results of this research can be summarized as follows :-

The speech concept or theory in the west began in Greece about 500 B.C.   At that time, there were not really the theories on Speech, but, later on, Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, presented a new theory on Speech which consisted of three elements : the speaker, the source, and the audience, the fact of which was the basic model leading to other models. After the Greek Empire deteriorated, the Roman Empire was established instead. Roman Kingdom promoted the public speaking like the Greek people. After that, the Speech spreaded to Europe and to the United State of America. After the Second World War, the speech was developed and divided into the speech art and the speech science.    

The Speech concept in Buddhism are Sweet words (Madhubhāni), good smell words (Pupphabhāni), and bad smell words (Guthabhāni), found in Guthabhāni Sutra. There are four kinds of the style of the Buddha’s teaching:- Sandassanā, Samādapanā, Samuttejanā and Sampahanํsanā. The six kinds of the style of the Buddha’s speaking are found in Abhayarājakumāra Sutra. The valuable speech is Sammāvacā, (the third Dhamma in the Noble Eightfold Path), Piyavācā (the second Dhamma in Sanํgahavatthu), and Subhāsitavācā (the tenth Dhamma in Manํgala Sutra).

The study of Buddhist speech in Lilit Taleng Bai is of the important person’s words on the Thai side:- King Naresuan The Great, Somdej Phra Wanarat in Pakae temple, and in the councilors, and on Burmese side:- King of Hongsāwadee (hɔŋsawətɔe (ancient time), Bago, Pegu (present time), Phra Mahā Uparājā (Minyekyawswa, Minchit Sra – in Burmese language), and Phra Mahā Uparājā’s concubine. These words can be analyzed according to the Buddhist Principles which consists of Buddha’s Dhammas:- the mindfulness (Sati), the wisdom (Pannā), the analytical thinking (Yonisomanasikara), right speech (Sammāvācā), kindly speech (Piyavācā) well-spoken speech,(Subhasitavācā), malicious speech (Pisunavācā), worldly condition (8 Lokadhammas), holy abidings  (4 Brahmavihāras), directions (6 Disās), Kathāvathu, Milindapanhā, and the Buddhist proverbs (Buddahsāsana subhāsita), and the related sciences :- the Speech Arts, the Speech Science, the Psychology of speech, and the Literary appreciation.

The results of studying about the analysis of Buddhist Speech in Lilit Taleng Bai are the important persons’ words, consisting of “Sweet”words (Madhuravācā),“useful” words (Kalyānavācā), “not appropriate” words (Pisunavācā), and “consider before using” words (Nayavācā). The style of the important person’s communication in Lilit Taleng Bai consists of the intrapersonal communication and the interpersonal communication.

Sun – C Model is a new form of knowledge obtained from this research. Sun – C Model can be applied to the daily life, such as in the educational field, the health field, the mass media field, and the others. This model is also beneficial to the people for it is of experience in valuable speech, including the values of Buddhist beauty in Lilit Taleng Bai. The speech on the Buddhist Principles in Lilit Taleng Bai is worthy to the daily life of everybody, especially, the polite and the sweet words cause beautiful words appropriate to listeners and to create the happiness and the peace in societies as the examples of good speech appearing in Lilit Taleng Bai by Somdej Phra Mahasamanachoa Krombhraparamanuchitchinorasa.

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